What is scaffolding? Scaffolding is a temporary structure in the form of a timber or steel framework over which the...
Underpinning is a sensitive construction technique for strengthening an existing foundation or placing a new foundation below the old foundation...
Admixtures are artificial or natural additional materials may be added to the concrete mix, just before or during the mixing, to...
This chapter is about Brick masonry, Classification of bricks, specifications of different types of bricks, testing of bricks different shapes...
When stones are used as building units, the masonry is called stone masonry. This article is about stone masonry, types...
The Epoxy Grouting is used for all structures built of stone or brick masonry or concrete gets affected by prolonged...
The California Bearing Ratio Test(CBR test) is a penetration test that can be performed in the laboratory or in-situ. They...
what is cement? : Cement is the most used construction material in the world that has both adhesive and cohesive...
Till the late 1970s, the use of concrete in excess of M40 in tall buildings was not known. Now, with...
Floating breakwaters were treated as solid bodies without any perforation in previous studies. In this study, however, a floating breakwater...